Analisis Kalimat

Mari kita analisis kalimat berikut ini:

He showed me a book describing children's literature which he had taken from the library.

Kalimat lengkapnya sebetulnya seperti ini:

He showed me a book which described children's literature which he had taken from the library.

Jenis kalimat ini adalah kalimat kompleks yang terdiri dari:
Satu klausa independen: He showed me a book.
Dua klausa dependen: which described children's literature dan
                                  which he had taken from the library

Jika kalimat tersebut dibagi ke dalam klausa dan frasa, jadinya sebagai berikut:
He showed me a book = klausa independen
which he had taken from the library = klausa dependen
describing children's literature = frasa partisipial

Frasa ini hasil dari peringkasan klausa relatif, which described children's literature

Klausa independen, He /showed me/ a book bila dibagi ke dalam frasa, akan menjadi:
He = frasa nomina kata tunggal; kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal maskulin
showed me = frasa verba
      showed = bentuk kedua (past tense), verba transitif
             me = obyek tak langsung dari verba showed
a book = frasa nomina sebagai obyek langsung dari verba showed
        a = artikel tak tentu (indefinite article)
  book = nomina dapat dihitung

Frasa partisipial, describing children's literature dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
Present participle, describing menerangkan frasa nomina a book dan a book sebagai antesedennya describing children's literature.
children's literature sebagai obyek langsung dari present participe describing


Klausa dependen which he had taken from the library jika dibagi ke dalam frasa akan menjadi sebagai berikut:
he = frasa nomina kata tunggal; kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal maskulin
had taken = frasa verba yang mewakili past perfect
from the library = frasa preposisi sebagai keterangan tempat
from    = preposisi
the library = obyek dari preposisi from
the       = artikel tentu (definite article)
library = nomina dapat dihitung
which  = pronomina relatif yang berfungsi sebagai obyek dari verba taken dan menggantikan frasa nomina a book
which = a book

Kalimat kompleks tersebut sebetulnya terdiri dari 3 kalimat (3 klausa independen):
1. He showed me a book.
2. A book described children's literature --> which described children's literature -->
describing children's literature
3. He  had taken a book from the library --> which he had taken from the library

Tiga kalimat tersebut dijadikan satu kalimat kompleks:
He showed me a book which described children's literature which he had taken from the library. [which pertama sebagai pronomina relatif pola subyek dan which yang kedua sebagai pronomina relatif pola obyek.]

Selanjutnya klausa relatif which described children's literature mengalami peringkasan menjadi frasa partisipial, describing children's literature dan terakhir kalimat akan menjadi:

"He showed me a book describing children's literature which he had taken from the library."

Jadi normalnya, frasa partisipial mendahului klausa relatif, sebagaimana contoh di atas.

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Salam mencerahkan,
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