Selasa, 26 April 2016

Published 16.02 by with 0 comment

Are You Capable of Finding 13 Errors in Adverbial Clauses?

Learning and Finding 13 Errors in Adverbial Clauses


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Review of Adverbial Clauses

Adverbial Clause. An adverbial clause is a dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator. It is used to modify the verb of the independent clause and tells when (time), where (place), why (reason), for what purpose, how, how long, or how far. It is also used to show contrast: concession (unexpected result) and direct apposition.

Place an adverbial clause either before or after an independent clause. If the adverbial clause comes before an independent clause, it is followed by a comma. If it comes after an independent clause, do not use a comma (except with whereas/while).
     
     The south of the country continues to grow richer, while the north grows poorer.
     Whereas knowledge can be acquired from books, skills must be learned through practice.

Types of Adverbial Clauses

There are different types of adverbial clauses, each with its own subordinators

ADVERBIAL SUBORDINATORS

Time:
when, whenever, while, as soon as, after, since, as, before, until
--> Whenever I had to speak in front of people, I was paralyzed by fear.

Place:
where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
--> I saw unfriendly, critical faces everywhere I looked.

Manner, Distance, and Frequency: as, as + adverb + as, as if/as though
--> I tried as hard as I could to calm myself.
--> I tried to act as if I were not afraid.

Reason:
because, since, as
--> Since I need to make speeches for career advancement, I enrolled in a speech class.

Purpose:
so that, in order that
--> I took a speech class so that I could overcome my fear of public speaking.

Result:
so + adjective/adverb + that
such a(n) + noun + that
so much/little + noun + that
so many/few + noun + that
--> At first, making a speech made me so nervous that I got stomachache before every class.
--> During the semester, I made so many speeches that I lost some of my fear.

Concession (unexpected result):
although, even though, though
--> Even though I am a politician, I still don't enjoy speaking in public.

Contrast (direct apposition):
while, whereas
--> As a child, I never tried out for school plays, whereas my best friend usually got a starring role.


You can use adverbial clauses to improve your writing style. We know that good writing in English requires the use of subordinate structures. Adverbial clauses are a common kind of subordinate clause.

How far you have mastered adverbial clauses.

EDITING PRACTICEAdverbial Clauses
Edit the following essay for errors in adverbial clauses. There are thirteen errors. Look for these kinds of mistakes:

An incorrect sentence connector (subordinator or coordinator) is used:
    I made an appointment with my history professor, so I could ask his advice about graduate schools.
  
Corrected: I made an appointment with my history professor so that I could ask his advice about graduate school.

There are too many sentence connectors: 
   Even though I am studying five hours a night, but I am still getting low grades.
   
Corrected: Even though I am studying five hours a night, I am still getting low grades.
                                                           OR
                    I am studying five hours a night, but I am still getting low grades.

A subordinator is used with the wrong clause: 
   Because we arrived late, we had a flat tire.
Corrected: We arrived late because we had a flat tire.

Commas should be added or deleted: 
   He doesn't eat meat, because he is a vegetarian.
Corrected: He doesn't eat meat because he is a vegetarian.


Addicted to the Net

1A lot of people enjoy surfing the Net. 2They look for interesting Websites and chat with people all over the world. 3However, some people spend such many hours on-line that they are Internet addicts. 4Although an average person spends about eight to twelve hours per week, but an addict spends eight to twelve hours per day on-line. 5Because addicts spend so much time interacting with the computer so it can affect their lives negatively. 6They become social recluses, because they stop going out and talking to people face to face. 7They avoid real-life social situations, preferring instead to be in a dimly lit room with only the glowing screen to light up their lives.

8Internet addiction negatively affects not only the addicts themselves, but also the people around them. 9For example, John's marriage to Maria broke up until he insisted on spending so many hours on the Net. 10As soon as he arrived home from work he was at his computer. 11While he finished dinner, he would disappear into his computer room again. 12He paid so little attention to her, that she finally divorced him.

13As college students are especially technologically skilled they can easily become nonstop Net-surfers. 14Many colleges provide computers at several locations around campus since students can use them at any time day or night. 15As a result, students can spend too much time surfing the Net instead of "surfing" their textbooks. 16Last semester, nine freshmen at Berkshire College flunked out although they became Internet addicts.

17In short, even though the Internet is an excellent source of information and entertainment, but we must not let it take over our lives.


Model answer

In sentence 3 there is one mistake: An incorrect sentence connector is used.
Incorrect: However, some people spend such many hours on-line that they are Internet addicts.
Correct:  However, some people spend such many hours on-line so that they are Internet addicts.

In sentence 4 there is one mistake: There are too many sentence connectors.
Incorrect: Although an average person spends about eight to twelve hours per week, but an addict spends eight to twelve hours per day on-line.
Correct: Although an average person spends about eight to twelve hours per week, an addict spends eight to twelve hours per day on-line.
               OR
            An average person spends about eight to twelve hours per week, but an addict spends eight to twelve hours per day on-line.

In sentence 5 there are two mistakes: Comma should be added and there are too many sentence connectors.
Incorrect: Because addicts spend so much time interacting with the computer so it can affect their lives negatively.
Correct:  Because addicts spend so much time interacting with the computer, it can affect their lives negatively.

In sentence 6 there is one mistake: Comma should be deleted.
Incorrect: They become social recluses, because they stop going out and talking to people face-to-face.
Correct:  They become social recluses because they stop going out and talking to people face-to-face.

In sentence 8 there is one mistake: Comma should be deleted.
Incorrect: Internet addiction negatively affects not only the addicts themselves, but also the people around them.
Correct:  Internet addiction negatively affects not only the addicts themselves but also the people around them.

In sentence 9 there is one mistake: An incorrect sentence connector is used.
Incorrect: For example, John's marriage to Marta broke up until he insisted on spending so many hours on the Net.
Correct:  For example, John's marriage to Marta broke up because he insisted on spending so many hours on the Net.

In sentence 10 there is one mistake: Comma should be added.
Incorrect: As soon as he arrived home from work he was at his computer.
Correct:  As soon as he arrived home from work, he was at his computer.

In sentence 12 there are two mistakes: Comma should be deleted and An incorrect sentence connector is used.
Incorrect: He paid so little attention to her, that she finally divorced him.
Correct:  He paid so little attention to her so that she finally divorced him.

In sentence 13 there is one mistake: Comma should be added.
Incorrect: As college students are especially technologically skilled they can easily become nonstop Net-surfers.
Correct:  As college students are especially technologically skilled, they can easily become nonstop Net-surfers.

In sentence 14 there is one mistake: An incorrect sentence connector is used.
Incorrect: Many colleges provide computers at several locations around campus since students can use them at any time day or night.
Correct:  Many colleges provide computers at several locations around campus so that students can use them at any time day or night.

In sentence 16 there is one mistake: An incorrect sentence connector is used.
Incorrect: Last semester, nine freshmen at Berkshire College flunked out although they become Internet addicts.
Correct:  Last semester, nine freshmen at Berkshire College flunked out because they become Internet addicts.

In sentence 17 there is one mistake: There are too many sentence connectors.
Incorrect: In short, even though the Internet is an excellent source of information and entertainment, but we must not let it take over our lives.
Correct:  In short, even though the Internet is an excellent source of information and entertainment, we must not let it take over our lives.
               OR
               In short, the Internet is an excellent source of information and entertainment, but we must not let it take over our lives.

The following is the essay that has been improved.


Addicted to the Net

1A lot of people enjoy surfing the Net. 2They look for interesting Websites and chat with people all over the world. 3However, some people spend such many hours on-line so that they are Internet addicts. 4Although an average person spends about eight to twelve hours per week, an addict spends eight to twelve hours per day on-line. 5Because addicts spend so much time interacting with the computer, it can affect their lives negatively. 6They become social recluses because they stop going out and talking to people face-to-face. 7They avoid real-life social situations, preferring instead to be in a dimly lit room with only the glowing screen to light up their lives.

8Internet addiction negatively affects not only the addicts themselves but also the people around them. 9For example, John's marriage to Marta broke up because he insisted on spending so many hours on the Net. 10As soon as he arrived home from work, he was at his computer. 11While he finished dinner, he would disappear into his computer room again. 12He paid so little attention to her so that she finally divorced him. 

13As college students are especially technologically skilled, they can easily become nonstop Net-surfers. 14Many colleges provide computers at several locations around campus so that students can use them at any time day or night. 15As a result, students can spend too much time surfing the Net instead of "surfing" their textbooks. 16Last semester, nine freshmen at Berkshire College flunked out because they become Internet addicts. 

17In short, the Internet is an excellent source of information and entertainment, but we must not let it take over our lives.

Net: shortened from Internet
Surfing the Net: exploring the Internet

This is only my own model answer. Perhaps, you have your own model answer. Please feel free to discuss and try to find the best model answer.

Follow My Twitter: @baryzin


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Selasa, 19 April 2016

Published 18.24 by with 0 comment

Dare to Receive a Challenge? Could You Find 21 Errors in Noun Clauses?

Learning and Finding 21 Errors in Noun Clauses



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Source: www.Google.co.id/image/noun clauses


Review of Noun Clauses

A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions like a noun as a subject, a subject complement, or an object. A noun clause used as an object is the object of an introductory clause verb.


Types of Noun Clauses

There are three types of noun clauses used as an object of verb:
* That-clauses are made from statements and are introduced by the subordinator that.
   I know that you are right.

* Wh-word clauses are formed from wh-questions and are introduced by wh-words such as who,  whoever, what, whatever, where, wherever, when, which, how, how much, how many, etc.
  I don't know how he will get the money.

* If/whether-clauses are formed from yes/no questions and introduced by the subordinator whether or if.   The phrase "or not" may be added.
  Do you know whether (or if) he will get the money?

You can improve your writing style by using noun clauses correctly. Doing the editing practice that follows will make you aware of potential errors in this sentence pattern and alert you to look for them in your own writing.

How far you have mastered noun clauses.

EDITING PRACTICE
Edit the following composition for errors in noun clauses. You should make 21 changes. Look for these kinds of errors:
                                                                           she is
Incorrect word order: We don't know who is she.
                                                                                                                                                        had
Sequence of tense rule not followed: The new papers reported that world leaders have failed to agree at the conference.
                                                                                                                                                         be
Subjunctive verb not used: Environmentalists urged that carbon dioxide emissions are decreased immediately.
                                                                                                                                                  X                        X
Incorrect punctuation: Everyone wonders when world peace will become a reality? Everyone hopes, that peace will come soon.

A College Lecture

1Professor Sanchez gave a lecture on transistors last Tuesday. 2First, he explained what are transistors. 3He said, that they are very small electronic devices used in telephones, automobiles, radios, and so on. 4He further explained that transistors control the flow of electric current in electronic equipment. 5He wanted to know which popular technological invention cannot operate without transistors. 6Most students agreed, it is the personal computer. 7Professor Sanchez then asked if the students know how do transistors function in computers. 8He said that the transistors were etched into tiny silicon microchips and that these transistors increase computers' speed and data storage capacity. 9Then he asked the class when had transistors been invented? 10Sergei guessed that they were invented in 1947. 11The professor said that he is correct. 12Professor Sanchez then asked what was the importance of this invention? 13Many students answered that it is the beginning of the information age. 14At the end of the lecture, the professor assigned a paper on transistors. 15He requested that each student choose a topic by next Monday. 16He suggested that the papers are typed.

etched: cut into the surface

Model answer:

In sentence 2 there are 2 mistakes: incorrect word order and sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: First, he explained what are transistors.
Correct:  First, he explained what transistors were.

In sentence 3 there are 2 mistakes: incorrect punctuation and sequence of tense rule not followed
Incorrect: He said, that they are very small electronic devices used in telephone, automobiles, radios, and so on.
Correct:  He said that they were very small electronic devices used in telephone, automobiles, radios, and so on.

In sentence 4 there is one mistake: sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: He further explained that transistors control the flow of electric current in electronic equipment.
Correct:  He further explained that transistors controlled the flow of electric current in electronic equipment.

In sentence 5 there is one mistake: sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: He wanted to know which popular technological invention cannot operate without transistors.
Correct:  He wanted to know which popular technological invention could not operate without transistors.

In sentence 6 there are 3 mistakes: incorrect punctuation, sequence of tense rule not followed, and omitted subordinator that.
Incorrect: Most students agreed, it is the personal computer.
Correct:  Most students agreed that it was the personal computer.

In sentence 7 there are 3 mistakes: 2 times sequence of tense rule not followed and incorrect word order.
Incorrect: Professor Sanchez then asked if the students know how do transistors function in computers.
Correct:  Professor Sanchez then asked if the students knew how transistors functioned in computers.

In sentence 8 there is one mistake: sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: He said that the transistors were etched into tiny silicon microchips and that these transistors increase computers' speed and data storage capacity.
Correct:  He said that the transistors  were etched into tiny silicon microchips and that these transistors increased computers' speed and data storage capacity.

In sentence 9 there are 2 mistakes: incorrect word order and incorrect punctuation.
Incorrect: Then he asked the class when had transistors been invented?
Correct:  Then he asked the class when transistors had been invented.

In sentence 11 there is one mistake: sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: The professor said that he is correct.
Correct:  The professor said that he was correct.

In sentence 12 there are 2 mistakes: incorrect word order and incorrect punctuation.
Incorrect: Professor Sanchez then asked what was the importance of this invention?
Correct:  Professor Sanchez then asked what the importance of this invention was.

In sentence 13 there is one mistake: sequence of tense rule not followed.
Incorrect: Many students answered that it is the beginning of the information age.
Correct:  Many students answered that it was the beginning of the information age.

In sentence 15 there is one mistake: subjunctive verb not used.
Incorrect: He requested that each student chooses a topic by next Monday.
Correct:  He requested that each student choose a topic by next Monday.

In sentence 16 there is one mistake: subjunctive verb not used.
Incorrect: He suggested that the papers are typed.
Correct:  He suggested that the papers be typed.

The following composition has been improved.


A College Lecture

1Professor Sanchez gave a lecture on transistors last Tuesday. 2First, he explained what transistors were. 3He said that they were very small electronic devices used in telephone, automobiles, radios, and so on. 4He further explained that transistors controlled the flow of electric current in electronic equipment. 5He wanted to know which popular technological invention could not operate without transistors. 6Most students agreed that it was the personal computer. 7Professor Sanchez then asked if the students knew how transistors functioned in computers. 8He said that the transistors  were etched into tiny silicon microchips and that these transistors increased computers' speed and data storage capacity. 9Then he asked the class when transistors had been invented. 10Sergei guessed that they were invented in 1947. 11The professor said that he was correct. 12Professor Sanchez then asked what the importance of this invention was. 13Many students answered that it was the beginning of the information age. 14At the end of the lecture, the professor assigned a paper on transistors. 15He requested that each student choose a topic by next Monday. 16He suggested that the papers be typed.
 

This is only my own model answer. Maybe, you have your own model answer. Please feel free to discuss and try to find the best model answer.

Follow My Twitter: @baryzin


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Sabtu, 16 April 2016

Published 11.13 by with 0 comment

Lebih Cepat Belajar If/Whether-Clauses Bahasa Inggris

Lebih Cepat Belajar If/Whether-Clauses Bahasa Inggris



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Sumber: www.Google.co.id/gambar/if or whether-clauses



Kita tahu bahwa klausa nomina termasuk klausa dependen maka dari itu ia harus ditautkan ke klausa independen untuk membentuk kalimat kompleks. Klausa nomina yang digunakan sebagai obyek didahului oleh klausa independen yang disebut klausa introduktori. Klausa nomina adalah obyek dari verba klausa introduktori, yang berupa verba penuturan atau aktivitas mental.

Ada tiga jenis klausa nomina yang digunakan sebagai obyek, yakni that-clauses, wh-word clauses, dan if/whether-clauses. That-clauses dan wh-word clauses sudah dibahas dan pada kesempatan sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini akan diulas klausa nomina jenis if/whether-clauses yang merupakan bagian terakhir.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang If/Whether-Clauses

If/whether-clauses adalah klausa nomina dependen yang dibentuk dari yes/no questions dan diperkenalkan dengan subordinator whether atau if. If/whether-clauses tersusun dari:

whether (if) + subject + verb + complement

. . . whether the president will win reelection.
. . . if the airplane landed safely.

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bagaimana yes/no questions dapat menjadi if/whether-clauses.

YES/NO QUESTIONS                                           IF/WHETHER-CLAUSES
V             S                                                                                             S       V
Does Dr. Chen practice acupuncture?                 . . . whether Dr. Chen practices acupuncture.
V   S                                                                                                   S               V
Is acupuncture an effective treatment for arthritis? . . . whether acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis.
V    S                                                                                                  S   V
Has it been used as an anesthetic during surgery?   . . . whether it has been used as an anesthetic surgery or not.


Untuk mengubah yes/no questions ke dalam if/whether-clauses:
* Ubahlah tatanan kata ke tatanan kata pernyataan SV (Subject-Verb).
* Tambahkan subordinator if atau whether. Whether lebih formal daripada if.
* (Opsional) Tambahkan "or not" pada akhir klausa atau segera setelah subordinator whether.
  Tambahkan "or not" pada akhir klausa yang mulai dengan if.

Berikut contoh kalimat kompleks yang mengandung if/whether-clauses:

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: We want to know
SUBORDINATOR: if
SUBJECT: Dr. Chen
VERB (+COMPLEMENT):practices acupuncture
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
We want to know if Dr. Chen practices acupuncture.(cara 1)
                                    OR
We want to know if Dr. Chen practices acupuncture or not.(cara 2)

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: Doctors wonder
SUBORDINATOR: whether
SUBJECT: acupuncture
VERB (+COMPLEMENT):is an effective treatment for arthritis
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Doctors wonder whether acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis.(cara 3)
                                       OR
Doctors wonder whether acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis or not.(cara 4)
                                       OR
Doctors wonder whether or not acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis.(cara 5)

INGAT! Penggunaan subordinator if atau whether bila dipadukan dengan frasa "or not" ada perbedaannya.

Kehadiran sebuah video mungkin bisa membantu. Mudah-mudahan.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan If/Whether-Clauses

PRACTICE: If/Whether-Clauses
PERINTAH:
A. Write complex sentences containing if/whether-clauses
STEP 1: Rewrite each question as an if/whether-clause.
        * Change the word order to SV statement word order.
        * Delete do, does,or did
        * Add the subordinator whether or if.
        * If you wish, add "or not" in an appropriate location.
STEP 2: Add your new clause to the introductory clause to make a complex sentence, and observe the sequence of tenses rules.
You may write your new sentence in any of the five possible ways shown above.

1. Is acupuncture a risky medical procedure?
   Westerners would like to know___________________________________________________
2. Do acupuncture needles relieve pain after dental surgery?
   Please tell me ________________________________________________________________
3. Has the safety of acupuncture, which is practiced widely in Asia and Europe, ever been tested?
   A report hasn't revealed ________________________________________________________
4. Does acupuncture use the body's own energy to promote healing?
   It has not been proven _________________________________________________________
5. Can acupuncture strengthen your immune system?
   It is not certain _______________________________________________________________

B. Write complex sentences containing if/whether-clauses by adding an introductory clause and the subordinator if or whether. If you wish, add the phrase "or not" in an appropriate position. Add the appropriate end-of-sentence punctuation.

Example:
Do you know whether or not acupuncture relieves chronic pain?

1. ______________________________ acupuncture treatments are expensive
2. ______________________________ health insurance companies will pay for acupuncture treatments
3. ______________________________ acupuncture is successful in helping people lose weight or stop smoking
4. ______________________________ my doctor approves of acupuncture treatment
5. ______________________________ acupuncture as an alternative medical practice will be an accepted form of treatment


Setelah membaca ulasan ini semoga Anda menjadi pembelajar Bahasa Inggris yang cakap menggunakan klausa nomina jenis if/whether-clauses agar tulisan Anda senantiasa tergolong tulisan yang canggih. Amin.

Sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris dengan ulasan klausa nomina jenis if/whether-clauses kita sudahi sampai di sini dulu. Ojo lali menyimak ulasan belajar Bahasa Inggris berikutnya. Tetap semangat! Keep moving on!

Follow Twitter Saya: @baryzin

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Selasa, 12 April 2016

Published 14.57 by with 0 comment

Tatanan Kata dalam Wh-Word Clauses: Pernyataan Bukan Pertanyaan

Belajar Wh-Word Clauses Bahasa Inggris


Karena klausa nomina termasuk klausa dependen maka dari itu ia harus dihubungkan dengan klausa independen untuk membentuk kalimat kompleks. Klausa independen yang disebut klausa introduktori biasanya mendahului klausa nomina yang digunakan sebagai obyek. Klausa nomina adalah obyek dari verba klausa introduktori, yang berupa verba penuturan (say, tell, report) atau aktivitas mental (know, believe, wonder, remember).

Kita semua sudah tahu bahwa ada tiga jenis klausa nomina yang berfungsi sebagai obyek, yaitu that-clauses, wh-word-clauses, dan if/whether-clauses. Klausa nomina that-clauses sudah kita bahas dan sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini akan mengulas klausa nomina wh-word clauses.



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Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Wh-Word Clauses

Wh-Word Clauses. Wh-word-clauses adalah klausa nomina dependen yang di dalam subordinatornya adalah wh-word seperti who, what, where, when, why, how much, how long, which, dsb. Klausa wh-word terdiri dari salah satu:

wh-word + subject + verb (+ complement)

. . . who the president of South Africa is.
. . .  how many citizens voted in the last election.

ATAU


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(ketika wh-word dan subyek klausanya adalah kata yang sama)

wh-word + verb + complement

. . . who made the error.
. . . what happened at the student body meeting.


Penting untuk Diingat

Tatanan kata dalam klausa ini kadang-kadang menyebabkan masalah bagi pembelajar Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua (L2). Mungkin nampak aneh tidak mengikuti kata seperti who dan when dengan verba (When did she visit her grandmother?). Bagaimanapun, ingatlah bahwa tatanan kata dalam klausa nomina seperti pernyataan, tidak seperti pertanyaan.

Pelajari tatanan kata dalam wh-questions pada sisi kiri tabel, dan wh-word clauses pada sisi kanan. Perhatikan bahwa wh-word-clauses selalu menggunakan tatanan kata pernyataan SV yang normal. Juga, karena mereka tidak berupa pertanyaan, kata kerja bantu do, does, dan did tidak muncul.

WH-QUESTIONS                                                     WH-WORD CLAUSES
    S      V                                                                           S      V
who started the band?                                            . . . who started the band.
                  S         V                                                                        S         V
Which vocalists have sung with the group?              . . . which vocalists have sung with the group.
                     V           S                                                                                 S         V
How often does the group perform during the year? . . . how often the group performs during the year.
          V              S                                                                S                 V
Who is the lead singer?                                           . . . who the lead singer is.


Mengubah wh-questions ke dalam wh-word-clauses

* Ubahlah tatanan kata ke tatanan kata pernyataan SV (Subject-Verb) jika perlu.
* Hapus do, does, atau did.

Berikut contoh kalimat kompleks yang mengandung wh-word-clauses:
  
   I don't know who started the band.

Jika diuraikan:
INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: I don't know
SUBORDINATOR SUBJECT: Who
VERB (+COMPLEMENT): started the band

     Can you tell us which vocalists have sung with the group?

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: Can you tell us
SUBORDINATOR SUBJECT: which vocalists
VERB (+COMPLEMENT): have sung with the band

     I can't remember how often the group performs during the yera.

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: I can't remember
SUBORDINATOR: how often
SUBJECT: the group
VERB (+COMPLEMENT): performs during the year

     We asked who the lead singer was.

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: We asked
SUBORDINATOR: who
SUBJECT: the lead singer
VERB (+COMPLEMENT): was

Video ini mudah-mudah bisa membantu. Semoga.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan Wh-Word Clauses

PRACTICE: Who-Word Clauses
PERINTAH:
A. Write new complex sentences containing wh-word-clauses.
STEP 1: Rewrite each question as a wh-word-clause:
      * Change the word order to SV statement word order if necessary.
      * Delete do, does, or did.
STEP 2: Combine your new wh-word clause with the introductory clause to form a new complex sentence, and observe the sequence of tenses rules.

Example:
Who plays lead guitar in the band Begind Bars?
... who plays lead guitar in the band Behind Bars. (wh-word-clause)
INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: We don't know
COMPLEX SENTENCE: We don't know who plays lead guitar in the band Behind Bars.

1. Which company produces their CDs?
   We asked the music store manager _____________________________________________
2. Where will their next concert be held?
   They will announce tomorrow _________________________________________________
3. Where do they practice on the road??
   The band's manager always arranges ____________________________________________
4. When did they last perform in Europe?
   I remember very clearly _____________________________________________________
5. Who writes the ir songs?
   The group never says _______________________________________________________
6. Which of their songs do you like the best?
   I can't really say ___________________________________________________________
7. How many members of the group have received formal music training?
   It is surprising _____________________________________________________________
8. What happened to their female vocalist?
   Their agent wouldn't reveal ___________________________________________________

B. Write new sentences containing wh-word clause.
STEP 1: Rewrite each question as a wh-word clause
STEP 2: Combine your new wh-word clause with an introductory clause of your choice in the present tense.

Example:
Who was Pablo Picasso?
Wh-word clause: . . . who Pablo Picasso was.
INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE: Do you know
COMPLEX SENTENCE: Do you know who Pablo Picasso was.

1. Where was he born?
   __________________________________________________________________________
2. Where did he live most of his life?
   __________________________________________________________________________
3. How many of his painting have been exhibited at the Louvre in Paris?
   __________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the subject of his painting entitled Guernica?
   __________________________________________________________________________
5. Where is the actual city of Guernica?
   __________________________________________________________________________
6. Who was his favorite model?
   __________________________________________________________________________
7. How old was Picasso at his death?
   __________________________________________________________________________
8. How many masterpieces did he produce during his lifetime?
   __________________________________________________________________________


Setelah membaca ulasan belajar Bahasa Inggris ini semoga Anda menjadi pembelajar Bahasa Inggris yang cakap menggunakan klausa nomina jenis wh-word clauses agar terutama tulisan Anda tergolong tulisan yang canggih. Amin.

Sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris dengan ulasan Belajar Wh-Word Clauses Bahasa Inggris kita sudahi sampai di sini dulu. Ojo lali menyimak ulasan belajar Bahasa Inggris berikutnya. Tetap semangat! Keep moving on!

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Sabtu, 02 April 2016

Published 22.06 by with 0 comment

Cara Cepat Belajar That-Clauses Bahasa Inggris

Cara Cepat Belajar That-Clauses Bahasa Inggris



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Sumber: www.Google.co.id/gambar/that-clauses


Kita tahu bahwa klausa nomina termasuk klausa dependen maka dari itu ia harus ditempelkan ke klausa independen untuk membentuk kalimat kompleks. Klausa nomina yang digunakan sebagai obyek didahului oleh klausa independen yang disebut klausa introduktori. Klausa nomina adalah obyek dari verba klausa introduktori, yang berupa verba penuturan (say, tell, report) atau aktivitas mental (know, believe, wonder).

Sudah diperkenalkan sebelumnya bahwa klausa nomina ada tiga jenisnya, yakni that-clauses, wh-word-clauses, dan if/whether-clauses. Masing-masing jenis memiliki karakteristik tersendiri dan pada kesempatan belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini kita akan mengulas khusus tentang that-clauses.

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang That-Clauses

That-Clauses. Klausa that dibangun dari pernyataan dan diperkenalkan oleh subordinator that. Kata that sering dihilangkan jika maknanya jelas tanpanya (that). Klausa that terdiri atas:

                                              that + subject + verb + complement

. . . that the language center of the brain differs in each person
. . . that different aspects of language, such as nouns and verbs are processed in different area of the brain

Berikut contoh kalimat kompleks yang mengandung klausa introduktori independen dan klausa that dependen.

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE         THAT CLAUSE
I think                                          that the study of the brain is fascinating.
The professor explained         that the brain is the master control for both mind and body.

Verba berikut digunakan dalam klausa introduktori yang diikuti oleh klausa that. Mereka dikelompokkan sesuai dengan apakah mereka boleh mengambil obyek tak langsung.

INTRODUCTORY CLAUSE VERBS

GROUP I  GROUP II
No indirect  Indirect object optional: to
object  required with indirect object
agree  admit
answer  explain
assert  mention
conclude  point out
know  prove
notice  reply
realize
state
think

GROUP III  GROUP IV
Indirect object required  Indirect object optional
assure  promise
convince  show
inform  teach
notify  warn
remind  write
tell

Verba dalam grup I tidak mengambil obyek tak langsung (IO).
     We know that women have higher verbal IQs than men.

Verba dalam grup II boleh atau tidak boleh mengambil obyek tak langsung. Bagaimanapun, jika obyek tak langsung (IO) digunakan, to harus mendahuluinya.
     The defense attorney proved (to the jury) that his client was not guilty.

Verba dalam grup III harus diikuti oleh obyek tak langsung.
     The doctor assured the worried parents that their child would recover.

Verba dalam grup IV boleh atau tidak boleh diikuti oleh obyek tak langsung.
    He promised (them) that they could see their child immediately after the operation.

Catatan:
Dalam tulisan akademik, khususnya dalam tulisan ilmiah, verba klausa introduktori sering ditulis dalam bentuk pasif dengan subyek netral it.
   
     It was agreed/stated that . . .
     It has been asserted/proven that . . .

Video ini semoga membantu.

 

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang latihan That-Clauses

PRACTICE: That-Clauses
PERINTAH:
A. Complete the introductory clauses in the following sentences by adding a verb from the table and the subordinator that. Use a different verb in each sentence, and use passive voice verbs in sentences 4, 5, and 6.
Example
Researchers know that    men's and women's brains are different.
It has been proven that  men's and women's brains are different.

1. Experts ________________ women learn languages more easily than men do.
2. They __________________ a certain area of the brain control language.
3. A recent study _____________ women have more brain cells in the language area than men do.
4. In the report, it _____________ women are not more intelligent than men just because they have more cells in the brain's language area.
5. It ________________ men and women have different abilities involving spatial tasks; for example, men can read maps more easily, but women can remember the location of objects better.
6. It ________________ men are, in general, better at math and reasoning than women.

spacial: concerning space

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Subjunctive Noun Clauses

Subjunctive Noun Clauses. Setelah verba dan adjektiva tertentu dalam klausa introduktori, verba dalam klausa that dalam bentuk sederhana atau dasar, yang disebut subjunctive. Verba dan adjektiva ini mengindikasikan keadaan mendesak (urgency), kepantasan (advisability), keperluan (necessity), dan sifat yang disukai (desirability). Verba dan adjektiva yang mengharuskan bentuk subjunctive dalam klausa that meliputi:

VERBS
  
ADJECTIVES
advise  advisable
ask  essential
command  necessary
demand  important
direct  urgent
insist  vital
move
propose
recommend
suggest
urge

     The company president urged that the marketing department be more aggressive.
     She insisted that the company not lose any more customers to its competiters.
     It is necessary that each salesperson work longer hours.

Bentuk subjenctive juga terjadi ketika verba klausa introduktori dalam bentuk pasif:
     It was recommended that the department not hire new staff at this time.

 

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang latihan Subjunctive Noun Clauses

PRACTICE: Subjunctive Noun Clauses
PERINTAH:
A. Background information: A three-year drought has caused a serious water shortage in the fictitious country of Sunnyland. As a result, Sunnyland's government is proposing restrictions on water use.

Write complex sentences containing subjunctive noun clauses.

STEP 1  Rewrite the question in each item as an introductory clause.
STEP 2  Rewrite the statement as a subjunctive noun clause.
STEP 3  Combine the two clauses to make a new sentence.

Example
What did the government order?
Citizens must decrease their water use; they should not waste water.
The government ordered that citizens decrease their water use and that they not waste water.

1. What did the government demand?
   Each family must reduce its water use by 40 percent.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is necessary?
   All citizens must comply with the new restrictions.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the government propose for city-dwellers?
   Everyone must take five-minute showers.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What is advisable?
   People should conserve water whenever possible.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What has been demanded of farmers?
   Farmers should cut their water use by 25 percent.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. What was suggested?
   Every farmer should install a drip irrigation system.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What did the government urge?
   People must not use water to wash cars, sidewalks, or streets
___________________________________________________________________________________________

fictitious: not real
comply with: obey

Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang klausa nomina jenis that-clauses telah kita ulas bersama. Apakah ulasannya cukup mencerahkan? Apakah kemampuan dan pengetahuan Bahasa Inggris Anda bertambah? Kami berharap demikian. Setelah membaca artikel belajar Bahasa Inggris ini semoga Anda menjadi pembelajar Bahasa Inggris yang cakap menggunakan klausa nomina jenis that-clauses agar tulisan Anda tergolong tulisan yang canggih. Amin.

Sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris dengan ulasan klausa nomina jenis that-clauses kita sudahi sampai di sini dulu. Ojo lali menyimak ulasan belajar Bahasa Inggris berikutnya. Tetap semangat! Keep moving on!

Follow Twitter Saya: @baryzin
Fans Page Saya: @EnglishKito

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