Belajar Bahasa Inggris: Tinjauan Singkat Tentang Parallelism
Kalau kita berbicara mengenai parallelism, kita tidak bisa lepas dari koordinator FAN BOYS tetapi tidak semuanya kecuali hanya ABO (and, but, dan or). Sesi belajar Bahasa Inggris kali ini meninjau secara singkat tentang parallelism.
Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Parallelism:
Parallelism. Parallelism merupakan elemen penting dalam tulisan Bahasa Inggris, khususnya ketika Anda mengelis dan membandingkan dan mempertentangkan item atau gagasan. Parallelism berarti bahwa setiap item dalam list atau perbandingan mengikuti pola gramatika yang sama. Jika Anda sedang menulis sebuah list dan item pertamanya dalam list Anda adalah nomina, tulis semua item berikutnya sebagai nomina juga. Jika item pertamanya adalah frasa verba infinitif, buatlah semua dari yang lain frasa verba infinif ; jika ia klausa dependen, buatlah semua dari yang lain klausa dependen. Jika Anda sedang membuat perbandingan atau kontras yakinkanlah bahwa item-item yang Anda sedang perbandingkan atau pertentangkan adalah sama.
Perhatikan bagaimana aturan parallelism diikuti dalam kalimat kedua di setiap set berikutnya.
Not parallel:
My English conversation class is made up of Chinese, Spaniards, and some are from Bosnia.
Parallel:
My English conversation class is made up of Chinese, Spaniards, and Bosnians.
Not parallel:
The students who do well attend class, they do their homework, and practice speaking in English.
Parallel:
The students who do well attend class, do their homework, and practice speaking in English.
Not parallel:
The teacher wanted to know which country we came from and our future goals.
Parallel:
The teacher wanted to know which country we came from and what our future goals were.
Not parallel:
The language skills of the students in the evening classes are the same as the day classes.
Parallel:
The language skills of the students in the evening classes are the same as the language skills of the students in the day classes.
Anda boleh juga mengganti dengan pronomina bagi "the language skills" yang kedua:
The language skills of the students in the evening classes are the same as those of the students in the day classes.
Semua kata dalam item pertama tidak selalu harus diulangi dalam bagian kedua. Anda boleh mengulang semua atau beberapa kata, tergantung pada apa yang Anda hendak tekankan.
Before you write a paper or (before) (you) take a test, you must organize your thoughts.
"Before" dan/atau "you" boleh dihapus dari item kedua tanpa melanggar aturan parallelism.
Before you write a paper or take a test, you must organize your thoughts.
Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Koordinator And, But, Or:
Coordinators: And, But, OrKata, frasa, dan klausa yang digabung dengan and, but, dan or ditulis dalam bentuk parallel. Perhatikan struktur parallel yang digabung dengan koordinator dalam kalimat berikut ini:
The Federal Air Pollution Control Administration regulates automobile exhausts, and the Federal Aviation Administration makes similar regulations for aircraft.
The states regulate the noise created by motor vehicles but not by commercial aircraft.
Pesticide cannot be sold if they have an adverse effect on humans, on animal life, or on the environment.
Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Konjungsi Korelatif:
Correlative Conjunctions
Gunakan bentuk parallel dengan konjungsi korelatif both . . . and, either . . . or, neither . . . nor, dan not only . . . but also.
Konjungsi korelatif ditempatkan secara langsung sebelum elemen-elemen yang mereka (konjungsi korelatif) gabung dalam kalimat. Perhatikan struktur parallel dalam klausa-klausa ini yang digabung dengan konjungsi korelatif:
A new law provides the means for both regulating pesticides and ordering their removal if they are dangerous.
Air pollutants may come either from the ocean as natural contaminants given off by sea life or from the internal combustion engines of automobiles.
If neither industry nor the public works toward reducing pollution problems, future generations will suffer.
Many people are neither concerned about pollutants nor worried about their future impact.
At the present time, air pollution is controlled through laws passed not only to reduce the pollutants at their sources but also to set up acceptable standards of air quality.
Belajar Bahasa Inggris tentang Latihan:
PRACTICE: ParallelismPERINTAH:
A. Two or more items in each of the following sentences are written in parallel grammatical form. Underline the items or ideas that are parallel, and circle the word or words that connect the parallel structures.
Example
An ideal environment for studying includes good lighting, a spacious desk, and a comfortable chair.
"and" in circle
- You know you are truly bilingual when you can calculate in your second language and when you begin to dream in it.
- People often spend as much time worrying about the future as planning for it.
- You can learn a second language in the classroom, at home, or in a country where the language is spoken.
- My new personal computer is both fast and reliable.
- My old typewriter is neither fast nor reliable.
- Ann is growing older but unfortunately not wiser
- Young people buy computers not only to schoolwork but also to play games.
- If industrial nations continue to burn fossil fuels and if developing nations continue to burn their rain forests, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere will continue to increase.
- Before the judge announced the sentence, he asked the murderer if he wanted to speak either to the victim's family or to the jury.
- The criminal neither admitted guilt nor asked for forgiveness before he was executed.
sentence: punishment
B. Rewrite the following sentences in parallel form. Underline the part of the sentence that is not parallel and correct it.
Example
The disadvantages of using a credit card are overspending and you pay high interest rate.
The disadvantages of using a credit card are overspending and paying high interest rate.
- Credit cards are accepted by department stores, airlines, and they can be used in some gas stations. ___________________________________________________________________________
- You do not need to risk carrying cash or to risk to pass up a sale. ___________________________________________________________________________
- With credit cards, you can either pay your bill with one check, or you can stretch out your payments. ___________________________________________________________________________
- You can charge both at restaurants and when you stay at hotels. ___________________________________________________________________________
- Many people carry not only credit cards but they also carry cash. ___________________________________________________________________________
- Many people want neither to pay off their balance monthly nor do they like paying interest. ___________________________________________________________________________
- Not making any payment or to send in only minimum payments every month is poor money management.
Belajar Bahasa Inggris yang simpel, mudah dimengerti dan dipraktikkan. Ulasan grammar Bahasa Inggris yang lengkap, mendalam, dan lugas. Artikel Bahasa Inggris yang enak dibaca dan perlu. Tetap semangat! Keep moving on!
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