Transition Signals and Conjunctive Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions and Paired Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

Others: Adjectives, Prepositions, Verbs

To list ideas in order of time

first, . . .

first of all, . . .

second, . . .

third, . . .

next, . . .

then, . . .

after that, . . .

meanwhile, . . .

in the meantime, . . .

finally, . . .

last, . . .

last of all, . . .

subsequently, . . .

before

after

until

when

while

as soon as

since

the first (reason, cause, step, etc.)

the second . . .

the third . . .

another . . .

the last . . .

the final . . .

To list ideas in order of importance

first, . . .

first of all, . . .

first and foremost, . . .

second, . . .

more important, . . .

most important, . . .

more significantly, . . .

most significantly, . . .

above all,. . .

most of all, . . .

the first . . . (reason, cause, step, etc.)

an additional . . .

the second . . .

another . . .

a more important (reason, cause, step, etc.)

the most important . . .

the most significant . . .

the best/the worst . . .

To add a similar or equal idea

also, . . .

besides, . . .

furthermore, . . .

in addition, . . .

moreover, . . .

too, . . .

as well, . . .

and

both . . . and

not only . . . but also

another . . . (reason, cause, step, etc.)

a second . . .

an additional . . .

a final . . .

as well as

To add an opposite idea

however, . . .

on the other hand, . . .

nevertheless, . . .

nonetheless, . . .

still; . . .

but

yet

although

even though

though

despite

in spite of

To explain or restate an idea

in other words, . . .

in particular, . . .

(more) specifically, . . .

That is, . . .

To make a stronger statement

indeed, . . .

in fact, . . .

To give another possibility

alternatively, . . .

on the other hand, . . .

otherwise, . . .

or

either . . . or

neither . . . or

To give an example

for example, . . .

for instance, . . .

such as

an example of

to exemplify

To express an opinion

according to . . .

in my opinion, . . .

in my view, . . .

to believe (that)

to feel (that)

to think (that)

To give a reason

for this reason, . . .

for

because

as a result of

because of

due to

To give a result

accordingly, . . .

as a consequence, . . .

as a result,. . .

consequently, . . .

for these reasons, . . .

hence, . . .

therefore, . . .

thus, . . .

so

the cause of

the reason for

to cause

to result (in)

to have an effect on

to affect

To add a conclusion

all in all, . . .

in brief, . . .

in short, . . .

to conclude, . . .

to summarize, . . .

in conclusion, . . .

in summary, . . .

for these reasons, . . .

To show similarities

likewise, . . .

similarly, . . .

also

and

both . . . and

not only . . . but also

neither . . . nor

alike, like, just like

as, just as

as well

as well as

compare with or to

in comparison with or to

to be similar (to)

too

To show differences

however, . . .

in contrast, . . .

instead, . . .

on the contrary, . . .

on the other hand, . . .

rather, . . .

Instead of

Preposition

Related Marker

Example

because of

due to

on account of

in spite of

despite

because/since

because/since

because/since

although/even though

although/even though

Roberto chose that university because of its fine reputation.

The accident was due to mechanical failure.

Visibility is poor today on account of air pollution.

He enjoys racing motorcycle in spite of the danger.

Despite its loss, the team is still in first place.

A group of students really wanted a certain program to be added to the university curriculum. The students presented their request to the university; in addition, they got hundreds of signatures on a petition. Nonetheless, their request was denied.